As a typical representative of new quality productive forces， the low-altitude economy is an economic form emerging from the in-depth development and utilization of low-altitude resources driven by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. It consists of six major systems： the aircraft R&D and manufacturing industrial system， low-altitude infrastructure system， low-altitude basic institutional system， low-altitude airspace support system， low-altitude safety support system， and flight service application industrial system. Driven by the dual engines of major technological innovations and rich application scenarios， it exhibits characteristics such as the factorization of low-altitude resources， the integration of air-ground activities， and the scaling of value creation. Currently， China’s low-altitude economy is still in the initial stage of development. We should adhere to supply-side priority， promote supply-side structural reform through low-altitude technological innovation and the integrated opening and development of air-ground resources， and adapt to existing demand with high-quality supply to create and lead new demand.

As digital platforms have gradually become the core hubs of business activities， interactions among different digital platform ecosystems have become increasingly prevalent. Understanding the complex interactive relationships between platforms in the context of digital economy and facilitating platform firms in formulating differentiated cross-platform collaboration strategies has emerged as a critical research agenda. Drawing on the cross-ecosystem flow of elements in natural ecosystems， we can systematically explore the interaction mechanisms and patterns among digital platform ecosystems. The results reveal the following findings： （1）Interactions among digital platform ecosystems constitute a multidimensional， multilayered complex process. The formation of these interactive mechanisms stems from the interconnectivity characteristics that digital platforms exhibit in data sharing， user migration， and dynamic evolution； （2）Interactions among digital platform ecosystems are classified into two basic types： scale expansion-oriented and function complementarity-oriented. These two interaction types can be achieved either under single-firm dominance or through collaborative cooperation among multiple firms， reflecting the diversity and flexibility of interactions among digital platform ecosystems； （3）Through in-depth analysis of user flow patterns across digital platforms， three typical interaction patterns are identified： cross-platform user flow and diffusion pattern， cross-platform user-complementor role exchange pattern， and the platform periodic interaction-triggered seasonal user migration pattern. Each pattern has its unique participants， operational mechanisms， and implementation paths. Platform firms should formulate differentiated cross-platform collaboration strategies based on predictions of user behavior.

The copyright and copyrightability of artificial intelligence （AI） products are pressing academic issues that require resolution. Following traditional thinking， AI products are not considered copyrightable， necessitating a shift in legal perspective to explore copyright protection paths for AI products. From the object-oriented approach， AI products are an extension of human will， with AI simulating human will in an auxiliary manner. From the subject-oriented approach， AI products can be defined as special works made for hire or as special collaborative works， enabling natural or legal persons to obtain copyrights for AI products. Regarding the specific ownership of copyright， the concept of open-source software can be used as a reference for resolution. We can refer to the collective management system of copyright to confirm the copyrights of AI products， update legal interpretations to provide a jurisprudential basis for the legality of their copyright without amending legislation， and establish a review and supervision mechanism for AI products through public authority intervention.

ESG， as an emerging investment philosophy and corporate evaluation criterion， has evolved from an added corporate value to a core determinant of corporate viability. It signifies a shift from a shareholder-centric governance model to a multi-stakeholder governance paradigm， guiding new directions for corporate governance paradigms and sustainable development， and bringing new challenges to modern corporate governance. Under the ESG trend， a comprehensive transformation and reshaping of corporate governance is required. Therefore， this paper suggests that firstly， ESG concepts should be integrated into the corporate purpose to make it a fundamental criterion guiding corporate operations and governance； secondly， corporate governance bodies should be reformed， shareholders and supervisory boards should be empowered with ESG capabilities， and an ESG committee at the board level should be established； and finally， incentive and restraint mechanisms should be improved， the obligation system governing directors’ assumption of ESG responsibilities should be reshaped， so that a brand-new ESG-driven corporate governance mechanism can be constructed.

Against the complexity and uncertainty of supply chain procurement decisions in a dynamic risk environment， this paper constructs a multi-period， multi-objective mixed-integer programming model based on Markov chain theory to optimize the collaborative decision-making mechanism of supply chain resilience， sustainability， and cost-effectiveness. Through numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis， the study reveals the following findings： First， the Markov chain-based decision-making model can effectively depict the dynamic evolution characteristics of suppliers’ states， thus providing enterprises with scientific procurement decision-making tools； Second， there exist inherent conflicts between cost， service level， and environmental performance in supply chain procurement decisions， requiring enterprises to dynamically adjust the priority of objectives； Third， the multi-source procurement strategy significantly improves supply chain resilience， but it is necessary to balance the conflicts among multiple objectives； Finally， although the emergency procurement strategy can mitigate the risk of supply disruption， its costs and negative environmental impacts need to be incorporated into dynamic evaluation. Therefore， this study suggests that manufacturing enterprises can construct a multi-tiered and multi-supplier supply network， establish a rigorous supplier evaluation framework， and develop decision support tools to address the challenge of dynamic balance among multiple objectives in supply chain management.

Strategic emerging industries play a crucial role in driving economic transformation and upgrading and leading social development. At present， China’s strategic emerging industries face a dual challenge： on the one hand， they face the “chokepoint” dilemma where core technologies are subject to external constraints； on the other hand， they confront development bottlenecks of limited industrial scale and insufficient market competitiveness， which， to a certain extent， have constrained their ability to serve national strategic needs. Against this backdrop， this paper takes the domestic large aircraft industry as a representative case and systematically analyzes its industrial characteristics and developmental bottlenecks， with the aim of revealing the inherent laws governing the scale expansion and quality upgrading of strategic emerging industries. The study finds that promote the scaled development of the industry is the fundamental pathway to overcoming these dual challenges. To this end， this paper innovatively proposes the theoretical concept of “strategic pillar industries”. Furthermore， it argues that， in practice， the joint functioning of an efficient market and an effective government is essential for nurturing and upgrading strategic emerging industries into strategic pillar industries， thereby fully unleashing their strategic value. The paper argues that cultivating and expanding strategic pillar industries is not only a solution to overcoming technological bottlenecks and fostering new quality productive forces， but also an inevitable path to breaking through the development constraints of the national economy.

With the continuous deepening of railway reform， China has established a competitive landscape featuring the coexistence of various types of railway transport companies， making corporate governance optimization an inevitable choice. Currently， restructured railway transport companies have achieved the transformation of operational mechanisms and the establishment of supporting systems， with certain progress made in corporate governance. However， the unrationalized layout of the governance system， the unscientific construction of the governance structure， and the imperfect operation of the governance mechanism. Judging from Baoshen Railway Group’s practical exploration in market-oriented operations， optimizing corporate governance is the key to enhancing the company’s competitiveness and sustainable development. Therefore， this paper suggests that firstly， we should strengthen the systematicness of the governance system layout， restructure the rights and responsibilities interface between the parent company and its subsidiaries， and promote market-oriented management； secondly， we should improve the scientificity of the governance structure， and further clarify the right-responsibility boundaries of the governance subjects，build a substantive board of directors and enhance the role of external directors； and finally， we should ensure the effective operation of the governance mechanism， strengthen the supervision and assessment mechanism， improve the communication mechanism， and establish an error-tolerance and correction mechanism.

Modernization is the foundation for nurturing modern civilization， while the Chinese path to modernization is the foundation for the “newness” of the new form of human civilization， which exerts a comprehensive and far-reaching influence on this distinctive quality of “newness”. As a socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China， the Chinese path to modernization consistently centers on the free and all-round development of the individuals in its theoretical conceptualization and practical advancement， proactively addressing the relationship between the individual and the community and promoting their harmonious integration. The foundations of the Chinese path to modernization drive the development of the “newness” inherent in the new form of human civilization， enabling it to be fully manifested through innovation and transcendence over the capitalist form of civilization. These foundations establish the material base， provide political assurance， consolidate cultural roots， pool social forces， and strengthen ecological support for this new form of human civilization. Moreover， they open up broader prospects for development in advancing the building of a human community with a shared future. To ensure the stable and sustained development of the “newness” inherent in the new form of human civilization and to maintain its transcendent comparative civilizational advantages， it is essential to adhere to the Party’s self-reform as a guide for social revolution， uphold a people-centered approach to further realize human subjectivity， and persist in comprehensively deepening reforms to promote institutional development.

As China is currently in a critical period of transitioning from old to new growth drivers， accelerating industrial upgrading and transformation is a top priority for current development. As a derivative of digital technology， the industrial internet platform is a hybrid institutional arrangement distinct from a single administrative or market-based institutional arrangement. This type of institutional arrangement can not only leverage external regulation to promote enterprises’ transformation and upgrading， but also stimulate the motivation for transformation and upgrading from within enterprises， which is conducive to addressing the long-standing challenges in China’s industrial upgrading. This paper argues that industrial internet platforms can drive industrial transformation and upgrading in three aspects： Facilitate the standardized and personalized development of small and medium-sized enterprises， and enhance the internal production efficiency and overall quality of enterprises； Break the objective constraints of geographical distance to enable virtual industrial agglomeration， thereby effectively promoting the efficient and flexible supply and allocation of resources； Amplify the “network effects” of leading enterprises to accelerate the accumulation of factors required for industrial upgrading， thus promoting the integration and upgrading of manufacturing and service industries. As a hybrid institutional arrangement， industrial internet platforms can systematically advance industrial transformation and upgrading. Among them， market-driven institutional arrangements stimulate the vitality of enterprises， while administrative-led institutional arrangements facilitate enterprise upgrading.

The rapid development of internet finance， while promoting social and economic growth and stimulating economic vitality， has also given rise to issues of unfair competition in commercial promotion. How to identify and handle illegal commercial promotion in internet finance is an important issue that needs to be addressed in the construction of economic rule of law. Traditional criteria for determining unfair competition fail to fully address the new changes in internet finance， leading to regulatory dilemmas regarding such criteria. Anti-unfair competition regulations are misaligned with internet finance consumption scenarios， and there is a lack of normative standards for identifying unfair competition in internet finance commercial promotion. To standardize the identification of unfair competition in internet finance commercial promotion， it is necessary to accurately grasp the theoretical assumptions of traditional identification criteria， deepen the understanding of the basic theories underlying these criteria， and develop a systematic framework for identify unfair competition practices， that is， taking “unfairness of conduct” as the core thread， “whether it distorts consumer decisions” as the core object， and “form + substance” as the core content. The normative construction of criteria for determining unfair competition in internet finance commercial promotion should focus on key links in the identification standards； establish formal standards for the reasonable disclosure of information， including standards such as legality， authenticity， accuracy， sufficiency， rationality， and comprehensibility； set substantive standards for the extension of suitability obligations， including requirements such as effectively presenting the risk-return relationship， maintaining neutrality and objectivity， and giving reasonable attention to differences among target audiences of commercial promotion， establish the suitability obligation standards among internet financial products， commercial promotion and financial consumers.

Constructing a scientifically sound physical literacy index system for college students is an important foundation for achieving scientific evaluation and effective intervention of physical fitness. Using the Meta-method， evaluation indicators of physical literacy are selected and extracted from domestic and foreign literature. The CRITIC-entropy method was employed to assign weights to the indicators， thereby establishing a physical literacy index system for college students. A measurement analysis was conducted on 1，196 samples of college student data. The research results show that college students’ physical literacy overall exhibits a multi-level characteristic dominated by behavioral habits， supported by cognition and motivation， and basically guaranteed by physical ability. However， performance across various aspects is uneven， with notable deficiencies particularly in the implementation of behaviors and the transformation of cognition. To effectively enhance the overall level of college students’ physical literacy， college physical education should focus on strengthening the cultivation of behavioral habits as the core， establishing a physical literacy promotion mechanism that integrates classroom and extracurricular activities， connecting cognition and practice.

Blockchain technology has become an important tool for maritime enterprises to promote collaboration and digital upgrading within the maritime supply chain. However， the adoption of blockchain technology by maritime enterprises is influenced by multiple factors. Academic research has primarily conducted in-depth studies focusing on technological， organizational， and environmental factors. A comprehensive review of relevant research findings reveals the following： technological factors are key influencers of blockchain adoption in maritime enterprises， as the characteristics of blockchain exert a dual effect， serving as both drivers and constraints； organizational factors act as critical determinants， directly shaping firms’ adoption behaviors and decisions； the influence of external environmental factors is mainly reflected in legal safeguards， policy and regulatory systems， market demand and social influence. Future research should emphasize systematic investigations of how the characteristics and different types of blockchain technology affect adoption decisions， strengthen the study of environmental factors， and further enrich research perspectives and methodological approaches to deepen the understanding of the factors influencing blockchain adoption in maritime enterprises.

Against the research gap in the relationship between industrial upgrading and artificial intelligence （AI） governance， this paper explores AI governance for boosting manufacturing upgrading from the perspective of balancing liquidity and security of platform-based data assets， drawing on the multi-tier principal-agent model. The study reveals the following key findings： Enhancing the capabilities of platform-based AI improves the liquidity of data assets but simultaneously compromises their security. Therefore， a higher AI capability does not translate to a greater total utility for the platform； instead， there exists an optimal range of AI capability. This optimal range is primarily influenced by two endogenous variables—platform risk aversion and trust in AI—and two exogenous variables—data signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and market stability. Therefore， it is suggested that during the intelligentization of the manufacturing industry， the industry can develop an AI governance system conducive to upgrading by focusing on four dimensions： the industry’s degree of risk aversion and level of trust in AI， data quality， and market stability.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China， Xi Jinping has summarized the Party’s relevant theoretical experience and made a series of important expositions around major issues such as “what is meant by upholding the Party’s leadership over cultural work”， “why we must uphold the Party’s leadership over cultural work” and “how to uphold the Party’s leadership over cultural work”. These expositions constitute an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture and have significant theoretical and practical value. Studying and expounding Xi Jinping’s important expositions on upholding the Party’s leadership over cultural work is of great theoretical and practical significance for building a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and guiding power.

The supply mode of ideological and moral idols， as a form of ideological distribution using idols as the main carrier and medium， has long played a significant role as an important means of implementing moral education in social life. Since the new era， the supply mode of ideological and moral idols has changed significantly： its structure has become more diverse， its channels have become more effective， and its social， political， and moral functions have been further enhanced. However， with the widespread adoption of new forms of social interaction， especially the Internet like online social media platforms， the social ideological sphere has become increasingly complex. The supply mode of ideological and moral idols is now facing challenges posed by “new situations， new characteristics， new problems， and new environments.” Therefore， we should adhere to the basic logic of ideological and moral idol supply and innovate its supply mode based on the contemporary needs. In specific， we should vigorously strengthen the political function of ideological and moral idol supply； elevate its overall credibility and ability to exert influence across contexts； improve its scientific basis while enriching its cultural connotations and civilized implications； and effectively strengthen the supply of ideological and moral idols for priority groups， while highlighting idols’ self-discipline and steadfast adherence to moral principles.

As a representative institutional innovation in the development of the platform economy， the “refund only” rule is not merely an optimization of after-sales services， but a manifestation of platform governance exercised by e-commerce platforms between consumers and merchants. Such in-depth intervention has substantially reshaped traditional transaction order and given rise to continuous institutional risks. Relying on rules， algorithms and data， platforms perform quasi-public governance functions. This governance paradigm not only undermines the transaction order under traditional contractual autonomy， but also restrains effective external supervision due to the operational closure of platform governance， thereby triggering profound rule-of-law dilemmas. By clarifying the private power nature of platform governance， we can improve its legal regulation through strengthened procedural constraints， optimized judicial review and administrative supervision mechanisms， and a multi-actor collaborative governance framework.

Capital contribution with data assets boasts unique institutional significance， as it activates the value of data factors and responds to the contemporary demand for diversified development of capital contribution forms. However， data assets are featured by intricate equity relationships， unclear ownership definition， highly unstable value status， and ambiguous performance and delivery standards. Such deficiencies fail to guarantee the sufficiency of corporate capital， thereby resulting in institutional dilemmas including unidentified contributing subjects， ambiguous contribution targets， and vague performance criteria. Although the Measures for the Implementation of Company Registration Administration of China confirms the feasibility of data capital contribution， it lacks specific operational prerequisites， and the traditional rules for non-monetary capital contribution cannot provide effective institutional support. In view of this， it is necessary to strengthen the normative coordination between data law and company law. At the subject level， differentiated norms shall be formulated for different contributing subjects such as natural persons， enterprises and public authorities. At the object level， the subject matter of capital contribution shall be defined by respecting the party autonomy of all parties and avoiding rigid interpretation of the data rights system under the “three-rights separation” framework. At the performance level， performance criteria featuring delivery taking effect and registration opposing third parties shall be established to resolve the institutional predicaments of data asset capital contribution.

Artificial intelligence （AI） serves as a vital enabler for the high-quality development of the logistics industry. Drawing on the theoretical connotation of new quality productive forces and the techno-economic research paradigm of artificial intelligence， this paper constructs a theoretical model for the coupling and coordination of the dual systems of “AI + logistics”， and clarifies the internal mechanism and evolutionary logic underlying their coupling coordination. Taking the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2014 to 2023 as research samples， this study adopts the coupling coordination degree model and Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method to examine the level of coupled and coordinated development between artificial intelligence and the logistics industry as well as regional disparities. The empirical results reveal that the overall coupling coordination level maintained an upward trend throughout the sample period， with prominent divergences both across and within regions. Furthermore， the optimal allocation of resource factors including technology， economy and talent drives the three-stage evolution of the AI-logistics coupling synergy： initial budding stage， transitional stage and high-quality development stage. Accordingly， regions should leverage their respective resource endowments and pursue differentiated development paths. Within each region， barriers restricting resource mobility ought to be eliminated to foster industrial clusters integrating AI and logistics. Targeted policies should be formulated for regions at distinct coupling coordination stages to jointly advance cost reduction and efficiency improvement in logistics， as well as the leapfrog development of intelligent logistics.

The construction of a rural parcel delivery and logistics system is of great significance for promoting agricultural and rural development， meeting the production and living needs of rural residents， unlocking rural consumption potential， and advancing the process of urban-rural integration. However， the “last-mile” bottleneck problem urgently needs to be resolved. Based on data from case studies including the typical experiences of rural logistics service brands published by the Ministry of Transport， this paper systematically analyzes the challenges， innovative practices， and optimization paths in the construction of China’s rural parcel delivery and logistics system. The study finds that the high requirements of agricultural production and agricultural product circulation for service flexibility and timeliness are compounded by key bottlenecks on the supply side： difficulty in achieving scale effects due to geographical dispersion， insufficient industrial coordination caused by low production organization and standardization， and lagging application of modern logistics technologies that restrict operational efficiency， resulting in weak end-to-end service capacity. To address these challenges， innovative practices have emerged across various regions， represented by models such as “Integrated Development of Passenger Transport， Freight and Postal Services”， “Internet + Fourth-Party Logistics”， “One Network， Dual Flows， Mutual Profitability”， “Cainiao County-wide Co-distribution”， and “E-commerce Platform + Direct Shipping from Origin”. These models utilize basic resource integration methods including transport-post cooperation + post-express cooperation， express-express cooperation， commerce-express cooperation， express-express cooperation， and e-commerce platform aggregation， respectively， with distinct characteristics in organization， links， network and effects. To further improve the construction of China’s rural parcel delivery and logistics system， we should follow the basic logic of “diversified entities – technology-driven – resource integration – coordinated development”， advance implementation by category and in light of local conditions， strengthen the application and innovation of technology， improve the collaboration mechanism between government and market， deepen the integration and sharing of logistics resources， and promote the in-depth integration of parcel delivery and logistics with rural industries.

Against the backdrop of the new era， postgraduates’ values， academic motivations and developmental needs have undergone profound changes， placing new demands on supervisor-postgraduate relationships. The internal mechanism of supervisor-postgraduate relationships operates as a progressive process of mutual understanding， trust， support and boundary abidance. From the perspective of empathy theory， practical tensions in supervisor-postgraduate relationships are mainly manifested in mismatched role expectations， insufficient emotional support， formalized communication and guidance， and deficiencies in the governance of rights and responsibility boundaries. To optimize supervisor-postgraduate relationships， we should consolidate cognitive empathy through categorized training and phased adaptation， activate affective empathy via institutionalized communication and psychological support， implement behavioral empathy with process-oriented assistance and team collaboration， and solidify ethical empathy relying on consensus-based rules and remedy mechanisms.

Railway heritage constitutes an important carrier of industrial civilization and bears witness to transportation progress， social transformation and cultural inheritance. In recent years， domestic demands for the conservation and reuse of railway heritage have been on the rise. Heritage reuse modes have expanded from exhibition-oriented conservation to comprehensive utilization that promotes economic revitalization， ecological restoration and community progress， giving rise to a sharp growth in relevant academic research. This paper collects core papers from CNKI and Web of Science （WOS） published since 2000， and adopts a combined approach of bibliometric analysis and CiteSpace knowledge mapping to synthesize and compare existing research findings. The study shows that existing research has progressed from an early foundational phase centered on historical textual research， typological identification， and value evaluation to multiple directions including urban renewal， corridor-based conservation， and cultural-tourism transformation. Overall， three distinct trends are evident： the shift from single-site protection to coordinated and comprehensive regional utilization， the transition from isolated architectural and planning research to interdisciplinary integration， and the transformation from heritage ontology conservation to sustainable reuse and enhancement of comprehensive regional value. Current research also features the evolution of an integrated “node-corridor-network” spatial pattern， sustainable tourism-driven adaptive reuse， continuous optimization of research technologies and methodologies， and deepened exploration of heritage value systems with Chinese characteristics. Nevertheless， notable gaps remain in holistic value cognition， regional coordination mechanisms， dynamic technical approaches and multi-stakeholder governance systems. Future research should strengthen the interpretation of integral heritage value and shift the research focus from “site conservation” to “development empowerment”； deepen research on regional coordination and establish a multi-level framework for heritage conservation and utilization； advance innovations in digital and intelligent technologies； and improve long-term multi-stakeholder governance mechanisms， so as to better satisfy the demands of railway heritage conservation and integrated cultural-tourism development.

As a driving force for high-quality development， ESG has become a hot topic in corporate management and academic research in recent years. Based on panel data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed logistics companies from 2019 to 2023， this study constructs a two-way fixed effects model and a mediation effects model to empirically examine the impact of ESG performance on high-quality development in the logistics industry and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that sound ESG performance significantly promotes high-quality development in the logistics industry， and this conclusion remains valid after endogeneity and robustness tests. Green innovation capability acts as a mediating factor： superior ESG performance boosts corporate green innovation capacity and thereby facilitates the industry’s high-quality development. Heterogeneity tests reveal that ESG performance exerts a significant positive effect on the high-quality development of transportation service logistics enterprises， while such effect is insignificant for warehousing logistics enterprises. Based on these findings， logistics enterprises should actively embrace ESG development principles and achieve sustainable， high-quality development through three strategic pathways： strengthening strategic leadership effectiveness， building collaborative innovation systems， and refining differentiated governance mechanisms tailored to enterprise categories.

Faced with limited resources， enterprises implementing an integration strategy confront a dilemma of whether to strengthen technological innovation or to promote business model innovation. Previous studies have also held different views on the relationship between the two. Although establishing external connections can overcome the the constraint of limited resources， integration strategy still faces numerous difficulties due to organizational boundaries. Cross-border organizational integration， as a new cross-organizational innovation model in the real economy， can reshape the relational structure and innovation behaviors between enterprises and relevant stakeholders by crossing organizational boundaries， optimize resource allocation and reconstruct value logic in novel ways， thereby promoting a paradigm shift in coopetition models. Therefore， in the era of the digital economy， building a cross-organizational innovation system of “digitalization plus cross-border organizational integration” based on “digital-real integration” enables the coordination between technology and market by establishing connections and interactions between physical space and digital space. Specifically， with cross-border organizational integration as the core， and supported by digitalization， such an innovation system takes technological innovation as its underlying foundation and business model innovation as its surface structure. It can not only achieve the coexistence and parallel advancement of both， but also effectively resolve the dilemma of integration strategy.

Data co-ownership is different from general property co-ownership； its essence lies in the co-ownership of the information contained therein. Differences in rights and obligations among data sharing subjects， varying risks of privacy disclosure for different subjects， and the co-governance nature of the exercise of subject rights all necessitate special protection for shared data privacy. At present， the protection of shared data privacy faces problems such as ambiguous boundaries of subject responsibilities， inadequate legal remedies， and the inability of infringement rules to adapt to technological development. China should adopt a scenario-based dynamic protection framework. By clarifying the allocation of rights and responsibilities among data co-owners， establishing real-time remedy channels for information subjects， and defining the infringement liability mechanism of co-owners， it can build a sound system of rules for shared data privacy protection and accelerate the implementation of privacy protection rules from a scenario-based perspective.

Under the traditional private rights framework， user data is often regarded as a single asset by platform enterprises， resulting in the lack of rights and interests of users as data contributors， the uncontrolled data dominance of enterprises， and the imbalance of governance mechanisms. In response， adopting the concept of “user data equity” and realizing an elastic structure of divided rights and interests through classified shares can accommodate the contributory nature of user data and the corresponding governance demands. In terms of institutional design， user data equity should be evaluated on a holistic basis， and unified registration and exercise of shareholder rights should be conducted through trust arrangements or the establishment of a specialized entity. However， considering the large number of users， their limited willingness to participate in governance， and the need to avoid disrupting corporate governance， voting rights should not be attached to user data equity. Instead， a subordinate distribution mechanism dynamically linked to differentiated data contributions should be established， and the transfer of user data equity should be strictly regulated. To protect users’ data rights and interests， users should be allowed to exit under specific circumstances where platforms may endanger the security of personal information. The information disclosure mechanism should be improved to require companies to regularly disclose data processing practices. Users may exercise internal supervision through the entity embedded in the classified share system， or file a shareholder derivative action.

In recent years， China has steadily promoted the construction of cross-border railway lines， with the international passenger and freight combined transport system initially established and cross-border projects implemented steadily. However， deficiencies still exist in institutional alignment， differentiated collaborative adaptation mechanisms， and full-chain supervision of cross-border railway operations. The development experience of the Technical Specifications for Interoperability （TSI） system of EU railways provides important reference value for improving the institutional system of China’s cross-border railway connectivity. Drawing on the evolution process， operational features of the EU railway TSI system and its governance experience in railway integration， this paper proposes targeted pathways to strengthen China’s cross-border railway construction： improving the regulatory system for cross-border railway combined transport， establishing a dynamic updating and international linkage mechanism for relevant rules and regulations， constructing a country-specific adaptation system addressing cross-national institutional disparities， building a cross-border collaborative supervision and conformity assessment mutual recognition mechanism， and enhancing the operational support system for cross-border railways. so as to continuously improve the integrated performance of China’s cross-border railway connectivity.

In the march toward modernity， transportation plays an irreplaceable foundational role. It is of great significance to elucidate the cultural connotations of transportation as the vanguard of China’s modernization and grasp the cultural dimension of building a country with strong transportation network. From a spatial perspective， generalized modern roadway spaces such as highways and railways constitute key manifestations of modern spirit. Through standardized spatiotemporal discipline and subjectivity-building mechanisms， they constantly take part in the generation of social relations and the formation of values. While erasing geographical imbalances， China’s roadway practices endow modernity with a people-centered implication. These practices encompass universal traits brought by transportation revolutions across the globe， including punctual discipline， panoramic perception and self-restrained subjectivity； more importantly， they embody the value pursuit of putting people at the center and the practical orientation of common prosperity. At present， China stands at a critical historical juncture in its transition from a large transportation country to a country with strong transportation network. We need to value the cultural attributes of transportation from a perspective that transcends instrumental rationality， balance efficiency and equity， uphold the people-first philosophy， and enable transportation to serve as the vanguard of modernization.

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period， empowering rural cultural construction with digital-intelligent technologies has achieved initial results， injecting new momentum into rural cultural development. Rural digital and intelligent cultural infrastructure has been preliminarily improved， the supply of digital-intelligent cultural content has become increasingly diversified， digital protection of rural cultural and heritage resources has been realized， and the integrated development of rural cultural tourism has been further promoted. However， problems still exist in the empowerment of rural cultural construction by digital-intelligent technologies， including insufficient supply of high-quality rural cultural content， unbalanced allocation of technical resources and talents， and an inadequate guarantee mechanism for digital-intelligent empowerment. These problems constrain the prosperity and development of rural cultural construction. In the new journey of the 15th Five-Year Plan， it is necessary to optimize the paths for digital-intelligent technologies to empower rural cultural construction： first，strengthen ideological and political guidance to explore the laws governing digital-intelligent empowerment of rural cultural construction； second，establish a dynamic coordination mechanism to narrow regional gaps in digital-intelligent technical resources and talents； third， improve the institutional and regulatory system to build a tighter “security network” for digital-intelligent empowerment.

With the popularization of financial services， the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests has become a crucial link in maintaining financial stability and achieving social fairness and justice. However， the definition of the concept of “financial consumer” in China’s current legal system has long been in a state of ambiguity， with unclear boundaries between “financial consumer”， “investor”， and “consumer”， leading to inconsistent judicial judgment standards and constraining the effectiveness of legal protection. In response， we should adopt an interpretative approach， relying on the normative system and value guidance of the Civil Code， to construct dynamic and categorized identification standards. In terms of subject attributes， financial consumers should be limited to “natural persons”， excluding legal entities and unincorporated organizations with the ability to identify and bear risks. In terms of behavioral purposes， we should return to the essence of “daily consumption needs”， excluding profitable investment behaviors primarily aimed at preserving and increasing value， thereby focusing the protection target on financial activity participants who lack professional knowledge and are in a vulnerable position due to information asymmetry. Under the umbrella of the Civil Code， we should adopt an identification framework of “subject-purpose-vulnerable position" to clarify the legal boundaries of the concept of financial consumers， and determine the rights basis and protection path of financial consumers in the private law relief system based on the provisions of standard terms， liability for fault in contracting， and the principle of fairness.

Based on the current development status of urban transportation industry in China， this paper analyzes the basic situation confronting urban public transit systems from the perspectives of spatiotemporal characteristics of travel demand and transportation resource allocation. It identifies prominent problems within domestic urban public transit systems， including insufficient market competitiveness， declining ridership operational efficiency， and an inadequate service system that fails to meet core commuting travel needs. Combined with China’s future urban social and economic development trends and an analysis of the characteristics of urban public transit， this study puts forward countermeasures to advance the sustainable development of the urban public transit industry： first， clarify the hierarchical relationship within the transportation system and formulate differentiated development principles for public transit； second， optimize the organization mode of public transit operation and rationally coordinate the allocation of transport capacity resources； third， focus on core commuting scenarios and improve the supply of public transit services； fourth， accelerate the transformation and development of ground public transport and build a diversified public transit service system.The research findings can serve as a reference for optimizing urban transportation structure and boosting the high-quality development of urban public transit in the new era.

Research on creativity in Human-AI Interaction （HAI） and Creativity Support Systems （CSS） represents two cutting-edge global research frontiers， yet few studies have explored cross-disciplinary innovation integrating these two fields. From the perspective of cross innovation between HAI behaviors and CSS， and drawing on practical evidence from PCI Technology Group， this study adopts a logical deductive approach to examine the design， implementation， and evaluation of a Human-AI Interaction Creativity Support System （HAI-CSS）. Three main conclusions are derived. First， knowledge accumulation， cognitive expansion， and motivational maintenance constitute the three core modules of HAI-CSS design， corresponding respectively to domain-relevant knowledge， creative thinking skills， and intrinsic motivation in the componential theory of creativity. Second， prompt engineering， context engineering， and knowledge discovery engineering represent three categories of engineering approaches for HAI-CSS implementation. Third， by configuring the structural patterns of interaction between humans and AI， HAI-CSS selectively acts upon individual creativity and further shapes creative outcomes， which forms the fundamental principle for HAI-CSS evaluation.

Promoting State-Owned Enterprises （SOEs） to focus on their primary responsibilities and main businesses is a critical measure to enhance their core functions and achieve high-quality development. This paper utilizes a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2023 to investigate the practical impact of strengthening investor supervision on SOEs’ strategic focus. Exploiting the staggered provincial implementation of the Accountability System for Illegal Operation and Investment as an exogenous institutional shock， we employ a time-varying Difference-in-Differences （DID） model to systematically examine the system’s impact and the underlying mechanisms through which it influences SOEs’ core business focus. The study finds that Accountability System for Illegal Operation and Investment has a significant driving effect on SOEs’ focus on their core businesses. Mechanism analysis shows that the accountability system restrains executives’ irrational diversification motives by constraining risk appetite， and improves internal control and information transparency by enhancing corporate governance， thereby driving SOEs to concentrate on their primary responsibilities and main businesses. Further research reveals that the driving effect of the Accountability System for Illegal Operation and Investment is more pronounced in SOEs with high managerial myopia， low executive promotion expectations， or those located in regions with lower levels of marketization. This study concludes that policymakers should continue to leverage accountability as a “regulatory sharp tool” to enhance supervisory efficacy. Efforts should be directed toward refining the SOE investor supervision system and advancing long-term， sustainable monitoring mechanisms. Moreover， implementing differentiated regulatory strategies and building sophisticated risk identification systems are vital for further deepening the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises， optimizing the strategic layout of state-owned capital， and achieving high-quality development.

Low-altitude logistics is at a critical stage of evolution from pilot demonstration to large-scale and normalized operation， yet it still faces multiple risks. Based on the industrial ecosystem theory， this study constructs an industrial ecological framework for low-altitude logistics featuring the coupling of three elements： “actor–resource–environment”. On this theoretical basis， it systematically analyzes the major challenges in the development of the low-altitude logistics industry. The study finds that the service ca-pacity of the actor elements in the low-altitude logistics industry is not yet mature， and the coordina-tion mechanism among actors is inadequate； there are still weaknesses in the supply and allocation of key resource elements， and the supporting role of major environmental factors such as institutional environ-ment and infrastructure needs to be strengthened. The development of low-altitude logistics industry should follow the synergistic evolution logic of industrial ecosystem featuring “actor linkage—resource optimization—environment empowerment”. Efforts should be made to 1） consolidate the organizational foundation of the industrial ecosystem by enhancing the capacity of core operational actors and improving the collaborative governance mechanism of diversified actors； 2） strengthen the core support of the industrial ecosystem by addressing the structural mismatch of talents， improving resource allocation effi-ciency， and enhancing technology and data coordination； and 3） optimize the development environment of the industrial ecosystem by improving the institutional system， promoting the networking and stand-ardization of infrastructure， and fostering diversified application scenarios and markets. The three di-mensions will form a governance pattern of closed-loop operation and synergistic efficiency.

Against the backdrop of deepening global technological competition， how deep-tech firms develop unique technological innovation paths amid resource constraints and underdeveloped institutional frameworks represents an important research issue that merits urgent academic attention. Taking Neolithic Huitong （Beijing） Technology Co.， Ltd. as the research case， this paper adopts a longitudinal single-case study approach and develops an analytical framework named “Scenario Autonomy Generation – Constraint Structural Restructuring – Institutional Responsive Diffusion – Path Formation” （SCI-PC） so as to reveal the formation mechanism of technological innovation paths for deep-tech firms under strongly constrained conditions. The research results indicate that scenario autonomy serves as the starting point of technological innovation paths and runs through their entire evolutionary process， and the proactive construction of operable scenarios constitutes the prerequisite for path initiation. During the continuous operation across diverse scenarios， constraints are endogenously transformed into a screening mechanism， enabling the paths to gradually converge from a merely operable state to stable and replicable modes. Meanwhile， Institutions do not provide a priori guidance； instead， they serve as an amplifier for legitimacy recognition and large-scale diffusion only after the formation of technological paths. Accordingly， the technological paths of deep-tech firms follow an ordered sequence of “scenario autonomous generation – structural restructuring of constraints – responsive institutional diffusion”. These three elements function sequentially as an initiator， a screening filter and an amplifier in path formation. Their sequential activation in chronological order and non-interchangeable functional logic jointly form a structurally coherent analytical framework for explaining how deep-tech firms build comparative advantages. In light of the above conclusions， governments should shift from ex ante approval to an ex post response mechanism. Firms ought to prioritize scenario operability over the pursuit of optimal technical performance. Small and medium-sized deep-tech firms can take the initiative to build segmented scenarios， substitute practical operational performance for technical parameter endorsement， and gradually break the lock-in of existing technological paths.

Since the turn of the century， the participation of state-owned enterprises （SOEs） from emerging market economies represented by China in globalization has attracted scholarly attention worldwide. Adopting diverse theoretical lenses， scholars have conducted comprehensive research on the internationalization of SOEs， with a particular focus on those originating from emerging markets. Major research themes cover the key determinants of SOE internationalization， as well as the pace， scope， geographical distribution and entry mode choices of their overseas expansion， alongside the performance outcomes of such international operations. These studies have generated substantial theoretical foundations and empirical evidence to support the continued international growth of emerging-market SOEs. Amid rising global trade protectionism and increasingly intricate compliance requirements， China needs to strengthen research on the challenges confronting its SOEs during international expansion and corresponding countermeasures， while deepening differentiated studies on the international development of various types of state-owned enterprises.

At the Central Conference on Ethnic Affairs， General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to correctly handle “four pairs of relationships”： that between commonality and diversity， that between the sense of community for the Chinese nation and the awareness of individual ethnic groups， that between Chinese culture and the cultures of all ethnic groups， and that between material progress and cultural-ethical advancement. These important remarks on the “four pairs of relationships” represent major theoretical innovations and practical guidelines for the Party’s work on ethnic affairs in the new era. They profoundly reveal the internal structure of the community for the Chinese nation and the laws governing its formation and consolidation， equipping us with fundamental dialectical thinking and a guide to action for scientifically understanding and properly handling ethnic issues and forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as we forge ahead on the new journey of building a great modern socialist country and advancing national rejuvenation. Correctly managing these “four pairs of relationships” constitutes the epistemological foundation and core methodology for staying firmly on the correct path with Chinese characteristics for solving ethnic issues. It carries powerful practical guiding significance for advancing the development of the Chinese nation as one community and securing new historic achievements in the Party’s ethnic work in the new era.

Rooted in historical materialism， Marx’s cultural thoughts achieved a profound shift of cultural research from speculative philosophy to social and historical reality on the basis of criticizing Hegel’s philosophy of right and classical political economy. Centered on the core principle that social being determines social consciousness， Marx’s cultural thoughts systematically elaborate on the practical origin， class attribute， relative independence and dynamic counteraction of culture， uncover the internal logic of cultural alienation under capitalism， and form a theoretical system and unique methodology characterized by practice， historicity and dialectics. Endowed with robust theoretical vitality， Marxist cultural thoughts offer solid theoretical support and practical guidance for deeply understanding the laws governing cultural development， reconciling the dialectical relationship between economy and culture， promoting the inheritance and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture， and achieving new prosperity of socialist culture.

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thought on the Party’s self-revolution is a scientific theoretical system that guides the advancement of the great new project of Party building in the new era. It embodies a well-structured and organically unified political logic. This system takes political consciousness as its logical starting point， anchors itself in the complex governance environment， and answers the epochal question of why the Party must conduct self-revolution. It takes political positioning as its fundamental stance， accurately grasping the relationship between the Party and the people in the political framework of the Party’s self-revolution， and addresses the question of for whom and by whom the revolution is carried out. It takes political mission as its goal-oriented direction， and by coordinating the advancement of the Party’s self-revolution and the great social revolution， answers the value-based question of what the Party’s self-revolution aims to achieve. It takes political practice as its strategic path， and by implementing the strategic plan of exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance， resolves the methodological question of how to conduct the Party’s self-revolution. These four dimensions form a complete logical chain from cognition to practice and from goals to methods. They systematically answer how the Communist Party of China in the new era can address the unique challenges of a large governing party through self-revolution， providing fundamental guidance for advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era and leading the great social revolution.

The 15th Five-Year Plan period constitutes a critical window for major economic provinces to shoulder the core mission of leading the green transition， and marks an important stage of tough challenges in shifting from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions and advancing comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. As the main engine of the national economy， the source of technological innovation and the core carrier of green industrial chains， major economic provinces’ carbon peaking progress directly determines the timeline for the national carbon peaking goal. Guided by the top-level design of the dual carbon control system， this paper takes advantage of the driving effect of chain leading enterprises and digital governance supported by industrial internet platforms to give full play to the cross-regional strengths of major economic provinces in standards， technologies， finance and other key factors， so as to extend the experience of comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development nationwide. In view of practical constraints including a heavy industrial structure， rising emission reduction costs， regional carbon leakage and an imperfect green financing system， major economic provinces should take the lead in breaking through institutional barriers restricting the coordinated digital and green transition， establish a cross-regional carbon emission responsibility sharing mechanism， convert their inherent strengths into sustainable drivers for the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development， and lay a solid foundation for achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.

As a prominent representative of new-quality productive forces， the low-altitude economy features a long industrial chain， broad service coverage， diversified business forms， and strong overall driving effects. In recent years， China has undertaken extensive exploration and practice in low-altitude technology research and development， application deployment， as well as government planning and policy support. However， weaknesses remain in low-altitude airspace management and regulatory mechanisms. It is therefore necessary to draw on advanced international experience and formulate a sustainable development strategy for China’s low-altitude economy. Against this background， this paper systematically introduces Japan’s roadmap for the industrial revolution in the sky from three dimensions： social application， environment construction， and technological R&D， with a focus on its legislation and regulatory mechanisms for low-altitude airspace and government funding support for social applications. Based on Japan’s experience， this paper suggests that to promote the development of China’s low-altitude economy， efforts should be made to formulate and improve the legal and regulatory system for the low-altitude economy， innovate central government management mechanisms and supportive policy systems， enhance the overall coordination and implementation mechanisms of local governments， and strengthen the development of the talent cultivation system for the low-altitude economy.