The Institutional Dilemmas and Solutions of Data Asset Capital Contribution

HUANG Hai-yan

Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2) : 157-167.

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Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2) : 157-167.
Law Studies

The Institutional Dilemmas and Solutions of Data Asset Capital Contribution

  • HUANG Hai-yan
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Abstract

Capital contribution with data assets boasts unique institutional significance, as it activates the value of data factors and responds to the contemporary demand for diversified development of capital contribution forms. However, data assets are featured by intricate equity relationships, unclear ownership definition, highly unstable value status, and ambiguous performance and delivery standards. Such deficiencies fail to guarantee the sufficiency of corporate capital, thereby resulting in institutional dilemmas including unidentified contributing subjects, ambiguous contribution targets, and vague performance criteria. Although the Measures for the Implementation of Company Registration Administration of China confirms the feasibility of data capital contribution, it lacks specific operational prerequisites, and the traditional rules for non-monetary capital contribution cannot provide effective institutional support. In view of this, it is necessary to strengthen the normative coordination between data law and company law. At the subject level, differentiated norms shall be formulated for different contributing subjects such as natural persons, enterprises and public authorities. At the object level, the subject matter of capital contribution shall be defined by respecting the party autonomy of all parties and avoiding rigid interpretation of the data rights system under the “three-rights separation” framework. At the performance level, performance criteria featuring delivery taking effect and registration opposing third parties shall be established to resolve the institutional predicaments of data asset capital contribution.

Key words

data asset capital contribution / non-monetary capital contribution / capital contribution form / corporate autonomy

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HUANG Hai-yan. The Institutional Dilemmas and Solutions of Data Asset Capital Contribution[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition). 2026, 25(2): 157-167

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