With the popularization of financial services， the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests has become a crucial link in maintaining financial stability and achieving social fairness and justice. However， the definition of the concept of “financial consumer” in China’s current legal system has long been in a state of ambiguity， with unclear boundaries between “financial consumer”， “investor”， and “consumer”， leading to inconsistent judicial judgment standards and constraining the effectiveness of legal protection. In response， we should adopt an interpretative approach， relying on the normative system and value guidance of the Civil Code， to construct dynamic and categorized identification standards. In terms of subject attributes， financial consumers should be limited to “natural persons”， excluding legal entities and unincorporated organizations with the ability to identify and bear risks. In terms of behavioral purposes， we should return to the essence of “daily consumption needs”， excluding profitable investment behaviors primarily aimed at preserving and increasing value， thereby focusing the protection target on financial activity participants who lack professional knowledge and are in a vulnerable position due to information asymmetry. Under the umbrella of the Civil Code， we should adopt an identification framework of “subject-purpose-vulnerable position" to clarify the legal boundaries of the concept of financial consumers， and determine the rights basis and protection path of financial consumers in the private law relief system based on the provisions of standard terms， liability for fault in contracting， and the principle of fairness.