Internal Mechanism, Practical Tensions and Optimization Paths of Supervisor-Postgraduate Relationships in the New Era: From the Perspective of Empathy Theory

ZHANG Chi, HE Yu-fang

Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2) : 175-182.

PDF(554 KB)
Welcome to visit Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)!
PDF(554 KB)
Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2) : 175-182.
Educational Research

Internal Mechanism, Practical Tensions and Optimization Paths of Supervisor-Postgraduate Relationships in the New Era: From the Perspective of Empathy Theory

  • ZHANG Chi1,2, HE Yu-fang2
Author information +
History +

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the new era, postgraduates’ values, academic motivations and developmental needs have undergone profound changes, placing new demands on supervisor-postgraduate relationships. The internal mechanism of supervisor-postgraduate relationships operates as a progressive process of mutual understanding, trust, support and boundary abidance. From the perspective of empathy theory, practical tensions in supervisor-postgraduate relationships are mainly manifested in mismatched role expectations, insufficient emotional support, formalized communication and guidance, and deficiencies in the governance of rights and responsibility boundaries. To optimize supervisor-postgraduate relationships, we should consolidate cognitive empathy through categorized training and phased adaptation, activate affective empathy via institutionalized communication and psychological support, implement behavioral empathy with process-oriented assistance and team collaboration, and solidify ethical empathy relying on consensus-based rules and remedy mechanisms.

Key words

new era / postgraduates / supervisor-postgraduate relationship / empathy

Cite this article

Download Citations
ZHANG Chi, HE Yu-fang. Internal Mechanism, Practical Tensions and Optimization Paths of Supervisor-Postgraduate Relationships in the New Era: From the Perspective of Empathy Theory[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition). 2026, 25(2): 175-182

References

1 教育部 2024年全国教育事业发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2025-06-11)[2026-04-08].http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/sjzl_fztjgb/202506/t20250611_1193760.html.
2 中共中央 国务院关于印发教育强国建设规划纲要(2024—2035年)的通知[EB/OL].(2025-01-19)[2026-04-08].https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202501/content_6999913.htm.
3 教育部 国家发展改革委 财政部关于加快新时代研究生教育改革发展的意见[EB/OL].(2020-09-21)[2026-04-08].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A22/s7065/202009/t20200921_489271.html.
4 教育部关于深入推进学术学位与专业学位研究生教育分类发展的意见[EB/OL].(2023-11-24)[2026-04-08].https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202312/content_6922068.htm.
5 王江海,常海洋,杜静.导学关系基本问题研究述评:本质、类型与影响因素[J].研究生教育研究,2024,(2).
6 杨秀芹,徐叶莹,李晓.从规制到共生:研究生导学关系的生成机制研究[J].黑龙江高教研究,2025,(10).
7 欧阳硕,胡劲松.从“相安的疏离”到“理性的亲密”——基于扎根理论的研究生导学关系探析[J].高等教育研究,2020,(10).
8 马克思恩格斯选集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2012:135.
9 宋子玉,彭湃,王学义.“双创”背景下导师指导风格对研究生创造力的影响——基于“中国硕士研究生学习与发展调查”的实证研究[J].研究生教育研究,2025,(4).
10 李臣之,阮沁汐,陈洁敏.研究生学习获得感:问卷编制及发展特点[J].教育科学,2022,(1).
11 李莞荷,李锋亮.导学关系类型与导师指导行为对研究生压力感知的影响研究[J].研究生教育研究,2023,(5).
12 Titchener E B. Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of the Thought-Processes[M]. New York: Macmillan, 1909:25.
13 Rogers C R. The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change[J]. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1957, 21(2): 95-103.
14 郭晓栋,郑泓,阮盾,等.认知和情感共情与负性情绪:情绪调节的作用机制[J].心理学报,2023,(6).
15 陈曙,倪含荞,张晓娟,等.科研沟通形式对研究生科研积极性的影响及提升路径[J].创新与创业教育,2023,(2).
16 蓝文婷,罗建平.研究生教育的现状与问题研究——基于2021年全国研究生教育满意度调查的分析[J].研究生教育研究,2022,(2).
17 张微,潘晨晨,张薇,等.影响和谐导生关系的归因分析及改进策略——基于博士生访谈资料的质性分析[J].研究生教育研究,2023,(5).
18 张静文,刘爱书.研究生导师问题行为的现状及特点探究——基于黑龙江省高校研究生的调查分析[J].研究生教育研究,2019,(4).
19 教育部关于印发《研究生导师指导行为准则》的通知[EB/OL].(2020-11-04)[2026-04-08].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A22/s7065/202011/t20201111_499442.html.
20 王文玉,陈锐.研究生更换导师制度的“休眠成因”与“唤醒路径”——基于20所高校“研究生更换导师相关规定”的研究[J].学位与研究生教育,2023,(3).
21 教育部关于印发《高等学校学术不端行为调查处理实施细则》的通知[EB/OL].(2024-03-26)[2026-04-08].http://jw.beijing.gov.cn/kyc/xfjs/202505/t20250513_4088195.html.
22 郑烨,李真淼,肖敏.导师能力如何影响研究生科研绩效——基于五所“双一流”高校的调查[J].研究生教育研究,2022,(6).
PDF(554 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/

〈 〉