随着金融服务的普及，金融消费者权益保护已成为维护金融稳定与实现社会公平正义的关键环节。然而，我国现行法律体系中“金融消费者”概念的界定长期处于模糊状态，与“投资者”“消费者”等概念的边界不清，导致司法裁判标准不一，法律保护的实效受到制约。因此，应立足于解释论立场，依托《民法典》的规范体系与价值指引，构建动态、类型化的认定标准。在主体属性上，将金融消费者限定为“自然人”，排除具有风险识别与承担能力的法人及非法人组织；在行为目的上，回归“日常生活消费需要”的本质，将主要为了保值增值的营利性投资行为排除在外，从而将保护对象聚焦于因缺乏专业知识、处于信息不对称弱势地位的金融活动参与者。在《民法典》的统摄下，应通过“主体—目的—弱势地位”的认定框架，厘清金融消费者概念的法律边界，并基于格式条款、缔约过失责任以及公平原则，确定金融消费者在私法救济体系中的权利基础与保护路径。

With the popularization of financial services， the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests has become a crucial link in maintaining financial stability and achieving social fairness and justice. However， the definition of the concept of “financial consumer” in China’s current legal system has long been in a state of ambiguity， with unclear boundaries between “financial consumer”， “investor”， and “consumer”， leading to inconsistent judicial judgment standards and constraining the effectiveness of legal protection. In response， we should adopt an interpretative approach， relying on the normative system and value guidance of the Civil Code， to construct dynamic and categorized identification standards. In terms of subject attributes， financial consumers should be limited to “natural persons”， excluding legal entities and unincorporated organizations with the ability to identify and bear risks. In terms of behavioral purposes， we should return to the essence of “daily consumption needs”， excluding profitable investment behaviors primarily aimed at preserving and increasing value， thereby focusing the protection target on financial activity participants who lack professional knowledge and are in a vulnerable position due to information asymmetry. Under the umbrella of the Civil Code， we should adopt an identification framework of “subject-purpose-vulnerable position" to clarify the legal boundaries of the concept of financial consumers， and determine the rights basis and protection path of financial consumers in the private law relief system based on the provisions of standard terms， liability for fault in contracting， and the principle of fairness.