在中央民族工作会议上，习近平总书记强调，要正确把握好共同性和差异性的关系、中华民族共同体意识和各民族意识的关系、中华文化和各民族文化的关系、物质和精神的关系。这“四对关系”的重要论述，是新时代党的民族工作重要的理论创新与实践指南。其深刻揭示了中华民族共同体的内在结构与生成巩固规律，为我们在强国建设、民族复兴伟业的新征程上科学认识与正确处理民族问题、铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了根本的辩证思维与行动指南。正确把握这“四对关系”，是坚持走中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的认识论基础与方法论核心，对推进中华民族共同体建设，推动新时代党的民族工作取得新的历史性成就，具有强大的实践指导力。

At the Central Conference on Ethnic Affairs， General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to correctly handle “four pairs of relationships”： that between commonality and diversity， that between the sense of community for the Chinese nation and the awareness of individual ethnic groups， that between Chinese culture and the cultures of all ethnic groups， and that between material progress and cultural-ethical advancement. These important remarks on the “four pairs of relationships” represent major theoretical innovations and practical guidelines for the Party’s work on ethnic affairs in the new era. They profoundly reveal the internal structure of the community for the Chinese nation and the laws governing its formation and consolidation， equipping us with fundamental dialectical thinking and a guide to action for scientifically understanding and properly handling ethnic issues and forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as we forge ahead on the new journey of building a great modern socialist country and advancing national rejuvenation. Correctly managing these “four pairs of relationships” constitutes the epistemological foundation and core methodology for staying firmly on the correct path with Chinese characteristics for solving ethnic issues. It carries powerful practical guiding significance for advancing the development of the Chinese nation as one community and securing new historic achievements in the Party’s ethnic work in the new era.