中国“内卷式”竞争的内在特征表现为：同质化竞争显著+低价格竞争模式盛行、行业内无序竞争格局突出+企业之间模仿跟随行为盛行、行业层面产能利用率低下+产能过剩现象突出、行业总体利润率低下+企业利润短期大幅度波动。据此，构建定义和解释中国“内卷式”竞争的基础性分析框架并深入探究其形成机制，特别是地方政府不合理干预机制及体制性问题。研究发现：政府以财政补贴为主的产业政策、企业“规模经济—低成本优势”竞争模式、市场进入壁垒、知识产权保护缺陷及全球价值链治理机制等因素共同作用，导致了“内卷式”竞争的形成。为有效治理“内卷式”竞争，须采取综合改革策略，包括政府合理边界界定、有效市场构建、行业合作秩序规范、基础制度改革及外部环境优化等。通过这些措施打破同质化与低价格竞争的恶性循环，激励企业通过创新实现差异化竞争优势，从而推动中国经济高质量发展。

The internal characteristics of “involutionary” competition in China are manifested as follows： significant homogeneous competition and widespread low-price competition strategies，prominent disorderly competition patterns within industries coupled with pervasive imitation behaviors among enterprises， low capacity utilization rates and severe overcapacity at the industry level， as well as generally low profit margins with significant short-term fluctuations in corporate earnings. This study constructs a foundational analytical framework to define and interpret China's “involutionary” competition while thoroughly investigating its formation mechanisms， in particular， the inappropriate government interventions and institutional deficiencies at various administrative levels. The research reveals that multiple factors collectively contribute to “involutionary” competition formation， including government's industrial policies dominated by fiscal subsidies， corporate competition patterns emphasizing “economies of scale-low cost advantages”， market entry barriers， defects in intellectual property protection， and global value chain governance mechanisms. To effectively address “involutionary” competition， comprehensive reform strategies must be adopted， including defining reasonable government boundaries， constructing an efficient market， establishing industry cooperation order， advancing fundamental institutional reforms， and optimizing the external environment. These measures aim to break the vicious cycle of homogeneous and low-price competition while incentivizing enterprises to achieve differentiated competitive advantages through innovation， thereby promoting high-quality economic development in China.