大学专利转移水平的影响因素及其变化趋势

周静, 郑晔晴, 贾宏君

北京交通大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2) : 112-127.

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北京交通大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2) : 112-127.
管理研究

大学专利转移水平的影响因素及其变化趋势

  • 周静1, 郑晔晴1, 贾宏君2
作者信息 +

Influencing Factors and Changing Trends of University Patent Transfer Level

  • ZHOU Jing1, ZHENG Ye-qing1, JIA Hong-jun2
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

研究大学专利转移水平的影响因素及其变化趋势对于衡量检验大学专利转移水平、促进科研创新具有重要意义。利用国内383所大学在2002-2021年间向28435家国内企业转移的专利及相关数据构建样本集,建立负二项回归模型,基于吸收-解吸能力视角从专利转移规模和强度两个方面对大学专利转移状况展开分析。研究发现:大学专利产出始终正向影响专利转移规模和强度,但影响力度随时间推移逐渐减弱;大学技术转移机构在2019—2021年间开始对专利转移规模和强度产生正向影响,其正向的制度性效应明显;大学异地机构在不同时段对专利转移水平产生的影响不稳定;企业研发人力资源自2008年开始正向影响大学专利转移规模和强度;企业研发强度对大学专利转移水平具有双向影响。因此,大学应加强对专利申请的质量控制及对存量专利的精细管理;技术转移机构在推动向已有企业客户转移更多高质量专利的同时,应积极拓展与新企业的联系;大学应加强对异地机构的资源调动和协调,有计划、有组织地推动异地机构嵌入当地研发网络;通过高质量专利转移、毕业生就业、校企深层次合作等途径促进大学专利转移和企业创新发展。

Abstract

The study of the influencing factors and changing trend of university patent transfer is significant to measuring and testing the level of university patent transfer and promoting the high-quality development of scientific research innovation. In this paper, we constructed a sample set of patents and related data that 383 universities have transferred to 28,435 domestic enterprises in China in the past two decades, then we established a negative binomial regression model, and from the perspective of absorption-desorption capacity, carried out an analysis from aspects of patent transfer scale and intensity. The study reveals the following findings: 1) University patent output has a consistent and positive impact on the scale and intensity of patent transfer, but the impact has gradually weakened over time; 2) university technology transfer institutions have recently begun to exert positive effects on the scale and intensity of patent transfer, with their positive institutional effects becoming evident; 3) the influence of university off-campus institutions on the level of patent transfer varies at different times; 4) corporate R&D human resources have positively influenced the scale and intensity of university patent transfer since 2008; 5) corporate R&D intensity has a bidirectional impact on university patent transfer level. In view of the above, we propose the following suggestions: 1) Universities should strengthen quality control of patents applications and fine-grained management of existing patents; 2) while promoting the transfer of more high-quality patents to existing corporate customers, technology transfer agencies should actively expand their connections with new companies; 3) universities should strengthen resource mobilization and coordination of remote institutions, and promote the integration of off-site institutions into local R & D networks in a planned and organized manner; 4) universities should promote university patents transfer and enterprise innovation and development through high-quality patents transfer, graduate employment, and in-depth cooperation between universities and enterprises.

关键词

大学专利 / 转移水平 / 转移规模 / 转移强度 / 吸收-解吸能力

Key words

university patents / transfer level / transfer scale / transfer intensity / absorption-desorption capacity

引用本文

导出引用
周静, 郑晔晴, 贾宏君. 大学专利转移水平的影响因素及其变化趋势[J]. 北京交通大学学报(社会科学版). 2025, 24(2): 112-127
ZHOU Jing, ZHENG Ye-qing, JIA Hong-jun. Influencing Factors and Changing Trends of University Patent Transfer Level[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition). 2025, 24(2): 112-127
中图分类号: C939   

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基金

国家自然科学基金面上资助项目“高校专利导航运行机制研究”(71874011)。

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