Transportation serves as the “vanguard” of economic and social development. Accelerating the building of China into a transportation powerhouse is a crucial pillar of Chinese-style modernization， and the rule of law underpins the steady and long-term advancement of the transportation powerhouse strategy. At present， China’s transportation rule-of-law system still faces prominent challenges： the comprehensive transportation legal framework has yet to form a systematic， complete， and coordinated system； the supply of rules for new business forms such as autonomous driving and the low-altitude economy lags behind； cross-regional coordination in transportation administrative law enforcement remains ineffective； and institutional safeguards for fair competition within a unified market are insufficient. Rule supply and institutional guarantees have thus become two core pillars urgently requiring strengthening for the advancement of transportation rule of law in the new era. In the dimension of rule supply， it is essential to accelerate the enactment of foundational laws such as the Transportation Law， fill legal gaps in areas like multimodal transport， integrated transport hubs， and digital transportation， build a forward-looking regulatory system for future transportation， and leave ample room for technological innovation through experimental approaches such as “regulatory sandboxes”. In the dimension of institutional guarantees， it is necessary to deepen the reform of comprehensive transportation law enforcement and improve cross-departmental and cross-regional coordination mechanisms. Only by achieving a dual-wheel drive of rule supply and institutional guarantees can a systematic， complete， scientifically standardized， and effectively functioning transportation rule-of-law system be established， thereby injecting robust legal momentum into the construction of a transportation powerhouse in the new era through sound laws and good governance.