New Quality Productive Forces， which takes scientific and technological innovation as its core driving force， factor innovation as its basic component， industrial innovation as its main carrier， institutional and mechanism innovation as its fundamental guarantee， and talent management innovation as an important support， serves as the core driving force leading high-quality development. At present， with the private economy facing dual challenges of structural transformation and development upgrading， New Quality Productive Forces will boost its transformation and upgrading to achieve high-quality development. From the perspective of internal logic， New Quality Productive Forces mainly drives the private economy to upgrade toward “high-tech， high-efficiency， and high-quality” through innovation leadership， factor restructuring， industrial transformation， institutional and mechanism innovation， and organizational change. From the perspective of practical exploration， the private economy still faces multiple constraints， including inefficient transformation of innovation achievements， lagging factor allocation， incomplete development of systems and mechanisms， insufficient talent matching， and backward management culture. To further unleash the empowering effect of New Quality Productive Forces， efforts should be made to promote innovation breakthroughs in private enterprises， empower their digital and green transformation， boost the quality and efficiency of characteristic industries， fully activate the vitality of the private economy， and lay a solid foundation for its long-term development.