Abstract:The development of autonomous vehicles has brought unprecedented challenges to the regulation of motor vehicles in various countries and regions, making regulatory innovation an urgent necessity. Countries such as Singapore and the Republic of Korea, as well as Taiwan region of China, by introducing the regulatory sandbox that originated in the Fintech regulation field into the regulation of autonomous driving, have established regulatory sandbox for autonomous vehicles through experimental legislations, providing a relaxed, secure and law-based external environment for the development of autonomous driving. The legal exemption mechanism designed to remove many legal obstacles to the development and use of autonomous vehicles constitutes the legal core of regulatory sandbox for autonomous vehicles. Corresponding to its operation phase, the institutional system of regulatory sandbox for autonomous vehicles mainly consists of sandbox access institution, road testing and application implementation institution, and sandbox exit institution. Given the complexity of the motor vehicle regulatory system and the needs of the development of autonomous driving at present, it is also urgent for China to draw on the practices of these countries and regions, initiate special legislation on autonomous driving at the national level, focus on promoting the innovation of regulatory concepts and paradigms, and accelerate the construction of an autonomous driving regulatory sandbox.
1 POLLMAN E,BARRY J M.Regulatory Entrepreneurship[J]. Southern California Law Review, 2017,90(3):383-448. 2 TAEIHAGH A,MIN LIM H S. Governing Autonomous Vehicles: Emerging Responses for Safety, Liability, Privacy, Cybersecurity, and Industry Risks[J]. Transport Reviews, 2019,39(1):103-128. 3 申杨柳,朱一方.韩国立法护航自动驾驶商业化[N].中国汽车报,2020-08-24(6). 4 孔祥稳. 面向人工智能风险的行政规制革新——以自动驾驶汽车的行政规制为中心而展开[J]. 行政法学研究,2020, (4):18-33. 5 郑琳.自动驾驶数据安全的沙盒监管构造[J]. 中国科技论坛,2023, (5):154-162. 6 邓文娟,高圣平.论智能网联汽车监管的沙盒模式——兼评中国相关地方立法[J]. 江汉论坛,2023, (4):125-128. 7 吴建国.道路交通故事损害赔偿法律原理与实务[M]. 北京:中国经济出版社,2009:47-48. 8 HADDON W.A Logical Framework for Categorizing Highway Safety Phenomena and Activity[J].The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care,1972,12(3):193-207. 9 World Health Organization.Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023[R].Geneva: World Health Organization, 2023:3-18. 10 丁芝华.自动驾驶汽车的法律性质研究——兼评《道路交通安全法(修订建议稿)》相关规定[J].前沿,2021,(5):70-75. 11 ROSEMAN R.When Autonomous Vehicles Take over the Road:Rethinking the Expansion of the Fourth Amendment in a Technology-Driven World[J]. Richmond Journal of Law and Technology, 2013,20(1):1-54. 12 International Transport Forum. Automated and Autonomous Driving Regulation Under Uncertainty[R]. Paris, France: International Transport Forum, 2015:28-29. 13 PEDEN M,SCURFILED R,SLEET D,et al.World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention[R].Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization,2004:12-13. 14 MATHEWS S A. When Rubber Meets the Road: Balancing Innovation and Public Safety in the Regulation of Self-Driving Cars[J]. Boston College Law Review,2020,61(1):295-338. 15 FRAADE-BLANAR L,KALRA N. Autonomous Vehicles and Federal Safety Standards: An Exemption to the Rule?[R].Santa Monica, California, USA: RAND Corporation,2017:1-2. 16 MASHAWT J L,HARFSTTT D L. Regulation and Legal Culture: The Case of Motor Vehicle Safety[J]. Yale Journal on Regulation, 1987,4(2):257-316. 17 CRANE D A,LOGUE K D,PILZ B C.A Survey of Legal Issues Arising from the Deployment of Autonomous and Connected Vehicles[J]. Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review, 2017,23(2):191-320. 18 LEVY L B,BELL S Y.Software Product Liability: Understanding and Minimizing the Risks[J].High Technology Law Journal,1990, (1). 19 BOGUE R.Robot Ethics and Law: Part Two: Law[J].Industrial Robot,2014,5(1):1-28. 20 郑志峰.自动驾驶汽车的交通事故侵权责任[J].法学,2018,63(4):16-29. 21 Financial Conduct Authority.Regulatory Sandbox[R].London: Financial Conduct Authority,2015:2-11. 22 LECKENBY E,DAWOUD D,BOUVY J,et al.The Sandbox Approach and its Potential for Use in Health Technology Assessment: A Literature Review[J].Applied Health Economics and Health Policy,2021,19(6):857-869. 23 曾雄,梁正,张辉.欧盟人工智能的规制路径及其对我国的启示——以《人工智能法案》为分析对象[J].电子政务,2022,(9):63-72. 24 沈艳,龚强.中国金融科技监管沙盒机制设计研究[J].金融论坛,2021,26(1):3-13. 25 刘盛.监管沙盒的法理逻辑与制度展开[J].现代法学,2021,43(1):115-127. 26 BAR-SIMAN-TOV I.Temporary Legislation, Better Regulation and Experimentalist Governance: An Empirical Study[J].Regulation & Governance,2018,12(2):192-219. 27 TSAI C H,LIN C F,LIU H W.The Diffusion of the Sandbox Approach to Disruptive Innovation and Its Limitations[J].Cornell International Law Journal,2020,53(3):261-296. 28 丁芝华.德国自动驾驶立法的逻辑内核与体系构造[J].河北法学,2023,41(10):162-177. 29 NIELSON A L.Waivers, Exemptions, and Prosecutorial Discretion: An Examination of Agency Nonenforcement Practices[R].Provo, UT: Brigham Young University,2017:4. 30 BARRON D J,RAKOFF T D.In Defense of Big Waiver[J].Columbia Law Review,2013,113(2):265-345. 31 蔡元庆,黄海燕.监管沙盒:兼容金融科技与金融监管的长效机制[J].科技与法律,2017,(1):1-12 32 ROSSI J.Waivers, Flexibility, and Reviewability[J].Chicago-Kent Law Review,1997,72(4):1359-1375. 33 AHERN D.Regulators Nurturing Fintech Innovation: Global Evolution of the Regulatory Sandbox as Opportunity-Based Regulation[J].Indian Journal of Law and Technology,2019,15(2):345-378. 34 刘盛.金融监管沙盒制度研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2023:139-150+139-140+171. 35 [德]马库斯·毛雷尔,[美]J克里斯琴·格迪斯,[德]芭芭拉·伦茨,等.自动驾驶:技术、法规与社会[M].白杰,黄李波,白静华译.北京:机械工业出版社,2020:415-416. 36 郑琳,李明雨.论自动驾驶汽车准入的双层法律障碍及其克服[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2023,(4):61-70. 37 丁芝华.加快建立国内自动驾驶沙盒监管制度对策[J].交通企业管理,2023,38(3):104-106. 38 陈伟.监管沙盒退出机制的国际经验及本土化研究[J].南方金融,2020,(12):44-53. 39 韩莉娜,任志宽,谈力.“监管沙盒”的国外发展情况及在我国科技领域的实施路径研究[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2021,36(6):26-32. 40 蔡维德,姜晓芳.基于科技视角的区块链监管沙盒模式构建研究[J].金融理论与实践,2020,(8):60-70. 41 杨涛.理性认识金融科技监管沙盒的改革探索[J].人民论坛·学术前沿,2022,(17):102-110. 42 韩鑫.商用赛道“提速”行业规范“导航”[N].人民日报,2024-01-07(4). 43 姚爱萍,王迪.我国金融科技监管沙盒实施现状、问题及对策[J].河北金融,2023,(9):61-68. 44 宋科,傅晓骏.监管沙盒的国际经验与中国应用——兼论我国“监管试点”与“监管沙盒”的异同[J].金融监管研究,2021,(9):100-114. 45 刘权.数字经济视域下包容审慎监管的法治逻辑[J].法学研究,2022,44(4):37-51. 46 张效羽.行政法视野下互联网新业态包容审慎监管原则研究[J].电子政务,2020,(8):71-81. 47 申杨柳,朱一方.自动驾驶汽车测绘管理政策法规问题及优化建议[J].汽车与配件,2020,(5):66-68.