摘要
生产规模扩张柔性是供应链上游能否满足下游订单变化的关键因素。考虑由一个装配企业和两个供应商组成供应链的双源采购问题，基于融入随机生产和规模扩张柔性特点的Newsvendor模型，构建装配企业和供应商的利润函数，运用Stackelberg博弈，求解出利润最大化的装配企业订货量和供应商生产量，并分析了不同参数对供应链批量决策和利润的影响。研究发现：订货量与生产不确定性负相关，装配企业倾向于将更多的订单分配给生产波动小的供应商。存在一个生产波动的阈值，令生产量与生产不确定性从负相关转化为正相关。生产量和订货量都与生产规模扩张柔性正相关，装配企业应该选择生产规模扩张柔性高的地区建立供应链。供应商在建设初始产能的时候，应该考虑超产概率与生产规模扩张柔性之间的相对大小，当前者大于后者，应该搭建一个大规模的生产线，反之选择小规模的生产线。
Abstract
Production scale expansion flexibility is a vital factor in determining whether the supply chain upstream can satisfy the downstream order. This paper considers the dual sourcing problem of a supply chain comprised of one assembler and two suppliers. Based on the modified Newsvendor model incorporating yield uncertainty and production scale expansion flexibility， the profit functions of assembler and suppliers are established respectively. With the goal of profit maximization， the optimal order quantities for assembler and productions quantities for suppliers are derived by Stackelberg game， and then the sensitivity analysis is conducted on the lot-sizing decisions and profits. It is found that the order quantity is correlated negatively with the production instability， that is， the assembler tends to allocate more orders to the stabler supplier. There exists a threshold instability， which turns the correlation between production quantity and production instability from negative to positive. The production quantity and order quantity are both correlated positively with the production scale expansion flexibility， meaning that the assembler should build its supply chain in the area with high production scale expansion flexibility. When building the initial capacity， the supplier should consider the relative size between overproduction probability and production scale expansion flexibility. If the former is larger than the latter， a large-scale production line should be built， otherwise， choose a small-scale production line.
关键词
双源采购 /
规模扩张柔性 /
随机生产 /
随机需求 /
供应链管理
Key words
dual sourcing /
production scale expansion flexibility /
random yield /
random demand /
supply chain management
陈崇萍, 陈志明.
考虑生产规模扩张柔性的装配供应链双源采购决策[J]. 北京交通大学学报(社会科学版). 2023, 22(1): 102-113
CHEN Chong-ping, CHEN Zhi-ming.
Optimal Dual Sourcing Decisions for Assembly Supply Chain with Different Production Scale Expansion Flexibilities[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University（Social Sciences Edition）. 2023, 22(1): 102-113
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基金
广东省自然科学基金面上项目“供应不确定相关的装配企业双源采购决策优化与协调机制研究”（2021A1515012211）；广东省自然科学联合基金青年项目“供应不确定依赖的装配企业双源采购决策与供应结构优化研究”（2020A1515111044）；教育部人文社会科学研究项目“不同商业信用模式下供应链的赊销与赊购协调优化研究”（22YJC630012）；广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“装配企业在供应不确定依赖下的双源采购决策优化与协调研究”（GD20YGL05）；广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“随机需求下供应链在不同商业信用模式中的协调决策”（GD22XGL29）。
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